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Move the
cursor over the image to toggle between low-resolution and high-resolution
sonograms.
Low-resolution sonograms,
as processed by zero-crossing,
discard amplitude and harmonic information, and only display the
sound component with the greatest amplitude (typically, but not
always, the fundamental). When processed in this way, identical
notes played by a piano and a violin appear indistinguishable. However,
the characteristics that make them sound different to our ears are
contained in the amplitude and harmonics, and high-resolution sonogram
processing reveals those characteristics.
Note how the maximum
amplitude (displayed as red) occurs at the beginning of the piano
note, after the hammer strikes the string, then the amplitude trails
off. For the violin, the maximum amplitude occurs in the middle
of the note, and the harmonics are richer and more pronounced.
Just as in this example,
bats also vary the amplitude allocation and harmonic structure of
within their calls. High-resolution sonograms processed with SonoBat
software can reveal those attributes and aid in discriminating species
and other subtle differences of bat echolocation calls. And SonoBat
makes it easy to do this with an intuitive point and click interface.
Until recently,
high-resolution full spectrum acoustic analysis has remained out
of reach to most users because of the high-end hardware requirements.
However, today's generation of Pentium® laptops and G3 PowerBooks®
with multi-gigabyte hard drives and high RAM capacities bring the
potential of high-end acoustic processing to a wider audience. And
SonoBat makes it a reality. It is no longer necessary to
sacrifice essential acoustic information to enable smaller file
sizes and avoid crippling a CPU.
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